Read the text below and answer Questions
8–14.
CAMPING IN THE BUSH
MINIMAL IMPACT BUSH WALKING
Responsible campers observe minimal impact
bush walking practices. This is a code of ethics
and behaviour aimed at preserving the natural
beauty of bush walking areas.
PLANNING
Good planning is the key to safe and successful
camping trips. Obtaining a camping permit in
advance of leaving to camp out overnight in a
national park is obligatory. Bookings are also
compulsory for some parks. There could be
limits on group sizes in some parks.
Occasionally campsites may be closed owing
to bush-fire danger or for other reasons. Always
obtain permission from the owner prior to
crossing private property.
EQUIPMENT
As well as your usual bush walking gear, you
will need the right equipment for camping.
A fuel stove and fuel for cooking is essential:
not only is it safer, faster and cleaner; but it is
easier to use in wet weather. It is recommended
that you pitch a freestanding tent which
requires few pegs and therefore has less eco-
logical impact. Take a sleeping mat, if you have
one, to put your sleeping bag on for a more
comfortable night’s sleep. You will also need a
hand trowel to bury human waste – for proper
sanitation and hygiene.
CAMPFIRES
The traditional campfire actually causes a huge
amount of environmental damage. If you gather
firewood, you are removing the vital habitat of
insects, reptiles, birds and small mammals.
When campfires lead to bush-fires, they create
enormous danger to native bush inhabitants
and bush-walkers alike and result in destruction
of the environment. Under no circumstances
should you light a fire in the bush.
CAMPSITES
Erect your tent at an existing site if possible;
otherwise try to find a spot where you won’t
damage vegetation. Never cut branches or
move rocks or disturb the soil unnecessarily.
Aim to leave your campsite as you found it or
even cleaner.
RUBBISH
Remove all rubbish – carry it out with you. Don’t
attempt to burn or bury rubbish because this
creates a fire hazard and/or disturbs the soil.
Animals can dig up buried rubbish and scatter it
about. Never feed the local wildlife – carry out
all food scraps as these disturb the natural
nutrient balance and can create weed
problems.
WALK SAFELY
Keep on the track. Wear footwear suitable for
the terrain. Take a map.
Questions 8–14
The passage refers to three ways in which
campers should behave.
Classify the following behaviours as something
that campers
A must do
B may do
C must not do
jawablah dengan jawaban A (must do), B (may do), C (must not do) di atas untuk pertanyaan 8-14
8 get the landowner’s consent before walking across his land